Himalayan Food Delights: Cuisine of Himachal Pradesh

 

Discover the tantalizing flavors and cultural richness of Himachal Pradesh through its Himalayan Food Delights. Nestled in the northern region of India, this picturesque state boasts a culinary tradition as diverse as its breathtaking landscapes. 

From savory dishes like Chana Madra and Dham to the lip-smacking sweet delights of Mittha and Babru, the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh reflects a harmonious blend of indigenous ingredients and age-old recipes passed down through generations. 

Join us on a gastronomic journey to explore the unique tastes and aromas that make Himachal cuisine an unforgettable experience for every food enthusiast.

1. Chana Madra

Chana Madra is a traditional dish from the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is a creamy and flavorful curry made with chickpeas (chana) cooked in yogurt-based gravy and spices like cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, and bay leaves. The dish often includes a generous amount of ghee (clarified butter), which adds richness to the curry. Chana Madra is typically served with steamed rice and is enjoyed as a part of special occasions and festivals in the region.

2. Dham

Dham is a traditional meal that is an integral part of Himachal cuisine, particularly in the Kullu and Kangra regions of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a grand feast consisting of various vegetarian dishes served on special occasions like weddings, festivals, and religious ceremonies. The menu for Dham varies, but it typically includes dishes like dal (lentil soup), rice, curry, vegetables, kadhi (gram flour-based curry), sweet rice, and desserts like meetha bhaat (sweet rice) and mitha madra (sweet version of Madra).

3. Siddu

Siddu is a popular steamed stuffed bread from Himachal Pradesh, India. It is made using wheat flour dough and filled with ground spices, typically including cumin, fenugreek, and various local herbs. Sometimes, it is also filled with cooked lentils or poppy seeds. The stuffed dough is then steamed until it becomes soft and fluffy. Siddu is often served with ghee or butter and is enjoyed as a breakfast or snack item in the region.

4. Babru

Babru, also known as “Babroo” or “Babruvahan,” is a traditional deep-fried snack from Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a savory pastry made with a spiced black gram (urad dal) or moong dal filling, wrapped in a wheat flour-based dough. The stuffed dough is rolled out into flat discs and deep-fried until golden brown and crispy. Babru is commonly served with aloo ke gutke (spicy potato dish) and is a popular street food in the region.

5. Bhey

Bhey is a traditional Himachali dish made from lotus stems. Lotus stems, also known as “nature” in the local language, are sliced and then cooked in a flavorful gravy made with yogurt and spices. The dish has a unique taste and a crunchy texture, making it a popular delicacy in Himachal cuisine. It is often enjoyed with steamed rice or accompaniment to the main course.

6. Kullu Trout

Kullu Trout is a popular dish from the Kullu region in Himachal Pradesh, India. It features fresh trout fish, abundant in the local rivers and streams. The dish is renowned for its simplicity and the use of local ingredients.

The preparation typically involves marinating the trout in a blend of spices and local herbs, which infuse it with a unique flavor. It is then grilled or cooked in a tandoor (traditional clay oven) until tender and flavorful. Kullu Trout is often served with steamed rice, making it a delightful and nutritious meal.

7. Tudkiya Bhat

Tudkiya Bhat is a traditional rice dish from the state of Himachal Pradesh, particularly popular in the Mandi region. It is a flavorful one-pot meal made with rice, lentils, and various vegetables. The dish is prepared during special occasions and festivals.

The key ingredients used in Tudkiya Bhat are rice, kidney beans (rajma), and a mix of seasonal vegetables like potatoes, carrots, peas, and beans. These ingredients are cooked together with aromatic spices like cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, and bay leaves, giving the dish a rich and enticing flavor.

8. Patande

Patande is a traditional pancake-like dish from the beautiful Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a popular breakfast item, and its preparation involves a batter made from wheat flour, semolina (sooji), yogurt, and water. This mixture is then seasoned with spices like cumin seeds, green chilies, and chopped onions to enhance the taste.

The batter is poured onto a hot griddle and cooked until it becomes golden brown and crispy on the outside while remaining soft. Patande is often served with fresh homemade butter, yogurt, or a side of spicy chutney, making it a delectable treat for any meal of the day.

9. Autori

Aktori is a lesser-known delicacy hailing from Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a unique type of pancake made with buckwheat flour (kuttu ka atta) and is especially popular during festivals like Navratri, where people observe fasts and avoid regular grains.

The main ingredients for Aktori include buckwheat flour, grated potatoes, and spices like cumin seeds, coriander, and black pepper. The mixture is combined with water to form a thick batter, which is then spread onto a hot griddle and cooked until it turns crisp and golden brown. Aktori is typically served with yogurt or any fasting-friendly accompaniment.

10. Auriya Kadoo

Auriya Kadoo is a traditional dish from Himachal Pradesh, India. It is a simple and flavorful curry made with kaddu (pumpkin) and chana dal (split chickpeas). The dish showcases the use of locally available ingredients and is loved for its comforting taste.

To prepare Auriya Kadoo, pumpkin chunks are cooked with pre-soaked chana dal in a spiced tomato-based gravy. Common spices used include cumin seeds, turmeric, red chili powder, and garam masala, which infuse the dish with a delightful aroma and taste. Auriya Kadoo is often served with steamed rice or Indian flatbreads like roti or paratha, making it a wholesome and satisfying meal.

11. Bhey

Bhey, also known as “Lotus Stem,” is a popular dish in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Himachal Pradesh. It is made from the edible stems of the lotus flower. The stems are sliced into thin, round pieces and cooked with various spices to create a delicious and unique vegetarian dish. 

Bhey is often prepared as a stir-fry or curry and is known for its crunchy texture and ability to absorb flavors from the spices used in its preparation. It is a rich source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making it a nutritious addition to the diet.

12. Sepu Badi

Sepu Badi, a traditional dish from the Himachal Pradesh region, is a flavorful and hearty lentil-based curry. It features small, sun-dried dumplings made from ground lentils and spices. These dumplings, known as “Badi,” are made by sun-drying a paste made from various lentils like urad dal or moong dal. The dried Badis can be stored for an extended period and then added to curries.

In the preparation of Sepu Badi, the dried Badis are soaked and then simmered in a spiced gravy, often made with a mix of local herbs, spices, and tomatoes. The dish is known for its robust taste and is typically served with steamed rice, providing a fulfilling meal rich in protein and essential nutrients.

13. Chha Gosht

Chha Gosht is a delectable meat dish from the province of Himachal Pradesh. It is commonly prepared using goat meat, which is marinated in a blend of yogurt and various spices. The marinated meat is then cooked on low heat for an extended period until it becomes tender and infused with the flavors of the spices and yogurt.

The dish is characterized by its rich and aromatic gravy, which results from the slow cooking. Chha Gosht is often enjoyed with naan (traditional flatbread) or steamed rice, making it a favorite among meat lovers in the region.

14. Chana Bhatura

Chana Bhatura is a classic North Indian dish consisting of two components: Chana, which is a spicy chickpea curry, and Bhatura, which is a soft and fluffy deep-fried bread. The chickpea curry, or Chana, is prepared with boiled chickpeas cooked in a flavorful tomato-based gravy seasoned with a blend of cumin, coriander, garam masala, and others.

Bhatura, conversely, is made by combining all-purpose flour, yogurt, baking powder, and other ingredients to form a dough. The dough is then rolled into small rounds and deep-fried until it puffs up and becomes golden brown.

Chana Bhatura is a beloved combination, often served as a meal in restaurants and street food stalls across India. It’s a delicious and filling dish, offering a mix of textures and flavors that satisfy the taste buds of many food enthusiasts. However, due to its fried nature, it’s considered more of an indulgent treat than a regular staple in a balanced diet.

15. Mittha

Mittha, also known as “Meetha,” is a traditional sweet dish popular in various regions of Himachal Pradesh. It is a delicious dessert often served during special occasions, festivals, and celebrations.

The preparation of Mittha may vary slightly depending on the region and individual preferences. Still, the core ingredients usually include rice, ghee (clarified butter), milk, sugar, and a variety of nuts such as almonds and pistachios. Grated coconut or cardamom powder is sometimes added to enhance the flavor.

To make Mittha, rice is cooked in milk until it becomes soft and absorbs the milk’s richness. Then, sugar is added to sweeten the dish, and ghee is incorporated for a rich, creamy texture. The nuts are used both for garnishing and to add a delightful crunch to the dish. The final product is a delectable, aromatic dessert loved by people of all ages.

16. Bhagjery

There might be a misunderstanding or a regional variation with the term “Bhagjery,” as I couldn’t find any specific information on a dish with this name. The term may refer to a local or lesser-known delicacy from a specific area. Culinary traditions can often be diverse and have unique regional names for dishes.

If you have more context or details about the dish “Bhagjery,” I’d be happy to help if there’s any information available.

17. Kaddu Ka Khatta

Kaddu Ka Khatta is a savory and tangy Indian vegetarian dish made with pumpkin (kaddu) as the main ingredient. This flavorful dish is particularly popular in North Indian cuisine and is often prepared during festivals, religious occasions, and family gatherings.

To make Kaddu Ka Khatta, diced or grated pumpkin is cooked in a tangy gravy made with tamarind pulp, jaggery, or sugar, and an assortment of spices. The spices typically include cumin, mustard, red chili powder, turmeric, and a pinch of asafoetida (hing) for added flavor. Sometimes, curry leaves and dried red chilies are used to temper the dish.

Combining the naturally sweet taste of pumpkin with the tanginess of tamarind and the spiciness of the spices creates a well-balanced and delightful flavor profile. Kaddu Ka Khatta is usually enjoyed with Indian bread like roti or paratha, but it can also be served with steamed rice for a wholesome meal.

18. Mash Daal

Mash Daal, or Urad Dal or Black Gram Lentils, is a popular legume widely used in Indian cooking. These small, black, skinned lentils are rich and earthy, making them a staple in many regional dishes.

To prepare Mash Daal, the lentils are usually soaked for a few hours or overnight to soften them and reduce cooking time. Then, they are cooked with water and a pinch of salt until they become tender and reach a creamy consistency. In some variations, spices like cumin, coriander, and turmeric may be added during the cooking process to enhance the flavor.

Mash Daal can be served as a side dish alongside rice or Indian bread like naan or chapati. It is a good source of protein and is often included in vegetarian and vegan diets for its nutritional value.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh, known as Himalayan Food Delights, is a captivating amalgamation of diverse flavors and culinary traditions. Rich in local produce and cultural influences, the region’s food reflects its people’s vibrant and unique identity. 

From scrumptious delicacies like Dham and Chana Madra to soul-warming beverages like Chai and Siddu, the culinary journey through Himachal Pradesh is a delightful experience. 

The use of indigenous ingredients and traditional cooking methods adds to the charm of this gastronomic adventure. Himalayan Food Delights not only satiate the palate but also offer a glimpse into the rich heritage and warm hospitality of this picturesque Indian state.

SOUERCE : Cuisine of Himachal Pradesh

From Hills to Horizons: The Range of Mountains in Manipur

 

Manipur is a treasure trove of natural wonder in India’s northeastern expanse. Manipur, hailed as the “Jewel of India’s Northeast,” boasts an array of mountains, each with its unique story etched into the landscape. From age-old legends to contemporary conservation victories, these peaks speak volumes.

Orchids and wildflowers grace the terrain, while communities have harmonised with nature for generations. Our expedition takes us across hillsides and valleys, unveiling the profound bond between humanity and the natural world.

Embark on this journey with us to uncover the enigma of Manipur’s mountains, where every slope is a chronicle and every horizon an invitation to explore. This adventure transcends the physical—embracing the past, present, and future embodied by these mountains.

1. Mount Iso

Mount Iso silently witnesses the region’s rich cultural history and mystical legends. This mountain isn’t just a physical landmark; it’s a repository of stories and folklore passed down through generations. Legend has it that Mount Iso was once the abode of gods and goddesses.

According to Manipuri mythology, it was here that Lord Koubru, a deity revered by the locals, descended from the heavens to dwell among the people. This event is celebrated annually in a vibrant festival known as “Iso Taret,” during which the community gathers to pay homage to the mountain and its divine associations.

But the story of Mount Iso continues after mythology. Its lush slopes are adorned with stunning flora and fauna, making it a biodiversity hotspot. The mountain’s forests are home to a diverse range of plant species, many of which hold cultural significance for the indigenous communities.

The vibrant Rhododendron niveum, locally known as “Siroi Lily,” is a prized flower found on the slopes of Mount Iso. This rare and beautiful flower is not only a symbol of the region’s natural beauty but also a testament to the unique ecology of Manipur.

2. Mount Thangching

Mount Thangching, a name that evokes images of grandeur and untouched beauty, is another of Manipur’s captivating mountains. As if painted by an artist’s brush, its slopes are adorned with a stunning palette of colours as different flowers bloom with the changing seasons.

The slopes of Mount Thangching are home to an impressive variety of floral species. From the vibrant and cheerful Sunflowers to the delicate Orchids that seem to whisper secrets to the wind, this mountain’s flora is a sight to behold.

The native communities consider many of these flowers medicinal properties, using them to craft traditional remedies. But it’s not just the flora that makes Mount Thangching special; the mountain also supports diverse fauna.

The forests are inhabited by various species of birds, butterflies, and small mammals, creating a harmonious ecosystem where each species plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature.

As you hike up the trails of Mount Thangching, the air becomes crisp and rejuvenating. It’s a place where you can connect with nature in its purest form, where stories of the land are whispered by the rustling leaves and blooming petals.

3. Mount Khayang

Mount Khayang is a testament to this region’s breathtaking beauty and cultural significance. This majestic mountain in northeastern India is more than just a geographical feature – it holds stories, tales, and a rich biodiversity that captivates the heart and soul of anyone who visits.

Mount Khayang is steeped in local folklore and legends that resonate through generations. It’s said that the mountain is associated with tales of mythical beings, guardian spirits, and divine interventions. One legend tells the story of a benevolent spirit atop the mountain, watching over the surrounding villages and blessing the land.

The local communities often gather to pay homage to this spirit, fostering a sense of unity and cultural identity. Mount Khayang isn’t just a place of legends; it’s also a haven for diverse flora and fauna. The mountain’s unique geographical location and Manipur’s varying climatic zones have given rise to a rich array of plant and animal life.

4. Mount Nongmaijing

Tucked away in the picturesque landscapes of Manipur, Mount Nongmaijing stands as more than just a geological marvel; it’s a testament to an enduring love story. According to local folklore, the mountain comes from Nongmaijing, a brave warrior who fell in love with Princess Thoibi.

The story tells of their forbidden love, struggles to be together, and their tragic fate. Amidst the lush greenery and mist-covered peaks of Mount Nongmaijing, visitors can still feel the echoes of this love story. The mountain is often associated with longing and devotion, and locals believe that the spirits of Nongmaijing and Thoibi continue to reside in their serene surroundings.

The floral fauna on Mount Nongmaijing adds to its mystique. As you hike through its trails, you’ll encounter various plant species, including the rare Shirui Lily, known as Lilium mackliniae. This exquisite flower is endemic to the region and is celebrated for its vibrant hues and delicate fragrance. The Shirui Lily’s presence adds enchantment to the already captivating landscape, making Mount Nongmaijing a place where nature and legend intertwine.

5. Mount Koubru

Mount Koubru, standing tall in the heart of Manipur, is not just a mountain; it’s a spiritual haven. Regarded as a sacred site by the Manipuri people, Mount Koubru holds immense significance in the local culture and religious beliefs.

The mountain is associated with Lord Koubru, a deity revered by Hindu and indigenous Meitei communities. Visitors who embark on the journey to the summit of Mount Koubru are met with a serene ambiance and breathtaking panoramic views.

The mountain is home to diverse floral fauna, including medicinal plants, herbs, and orchids. The presence of these plants adds to the mountain’s significance as a natural pharmacy for the local communities.

Mount Koubru is a physical landmark and a place of spiritual rejuvenation and introspection. As you traverse its slopes, you’ll witness its natural beauty and connect with the deep-rooted spirituality that makes it a cherished destination for pilgrims and travellers alike. If you are planning a trip to Manipur you can also explore the famous hill station of Manipur here.

6. Mount Thangal

Mount Thangal, with its soaring heights and awe-inspiring vistas, holds a special place in Manipur’s history. It is named after Moirang Thangal, a legendary figure renowned for his resilience and unwavering commitment to freedom during British colonial rule.

Moirang Thangal’s leadership and determination inspired the people of Manipur to rise against oppression and fight for their rights. The floral fauna on Mount Thangal reflects the spirit of resilience that the mountain represents.

Amidst the rocky terrain, you’ll find a variety of hardy plants that have adapted to the challenging conditions. The lush greenery symbolises the region’s determination to thrive against all odds.

Climbing Mount Thangal offers a physical challenge and a journey through history. As you ascend, you’ll be reminded of the strength and courage of those who came before, making the experience a tribute to the indomitable spirit of Manipur.

7. Mount Leimakhong

The captivating landscapes of Manipur, Mount Leimakhong, stands as a testament to the endurance of nature and history. This mountain carries a tale woven into the region’s fabric within its rocky terrains. Legend has it that Mount Leimakhong was once a haven for spiritual seekers who sought solitude and enlightenment atop its serene heights.

The mountain’s name carries significance, with “Leima” symbolising goddesses or female spirits and “Khong” signifying the place. These spiritual seekers were believed to be drawn to the mountain by these divine energies. But Mount Leimakhong’s history goes beyond its spiritual allure.

During the colonial era, it served as a vantage point for the indigenous people to monitor and strategise against external threats. The tales of resistance and courage echo through the wind-swept slopes, reminding us of the resilience of Manipur’s people.

In terms of flora and fauna, Mount Leimakhong boasts a rich biodiversity. Its lower slopes adorn lush greenery and diverse plant species, while the higher altitudes host hardy alpine vegetation. Rare orchids, vibrant rhododendrons, and aromatic herbs grace its slopes, painting a colourful picture of nature’s creativity.

8. Mount Langol

Mount Langol uniquely blend wilderness and urban delight in Manipur’s landscape. Rising prominently on the outskirts of Imphal, the state’s capital, this mountain presents a captivating contrast. The mountain’s history is intertwined with the folklore of the region.

According to local beliefs, Mount Langol was once home to mythical creatures that guarded the area’s natural beauty. The tales of these creatures have been passed down through generations, adding a touch of mystery to the mountain’s identity.

What sets Mount Langol apart is its accessibility and popularity among the locals. The mountain is popular for picnics, treks, and leisurely hikes. Its scenic viewpoints offer panoramic vistas of Imphal City and its surroundings, making it a perfect spot to witness the fusion of nature and urbanisation.

In terms of flora and fauna, Mount Langol’s biodiversity adds to its allure. From towering bamboo groves to vibrant wildflowers, the mountain’s slopes host a variety of plant species. Bird enthusiasts can spot various avian species, adding melodies to the rustling leaves.

9. Mount Konthoujam

Mount Konthoujam is a sacred sanctuary of nature where spirituality and natural beauty merge harmoniously. This mountain holds immense cultural significance for the people of Manipur. Mount Konthoujam is often associated with tales of deities and ancient rituals in local lore.

The mountain’s serene ambiance is believed to result from the divine presence that watches over it. Pilgrims and spiritual seekers visit its slopes to seek blessings and connect with the spiritual energy. The flora and fauna of Mount Konthoujam are equally enchanting.

The mountain’s ecosystem is home to many plant species, each contributing to its lush greenery. Rare medicinal herbs, vibrant wildflowers, and towering trees create a vibrant tapestry of colours and scents.

10. Mount Senapati

Mount Senapati is a silent guardian, shrouded in legends and rich biodiversity. Rising to an elevation of [insert elevation], this mountain has witnessed centuries of history and culture shaping the region. Mount Senapati holds deep significance in the local folklore.

According to legends, it was once the abode of deities and spirits, making it a sacred site for the indigenous communities. These stories have been passed down through generations, creating an aura of mystique around the mountain.

The slopes of Mount Senapati are adorned with a diverse range of flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological significance of the region. Dense forests blanket the mountain, home to numerous plant species, including rare medicinal herbs. The forested areas also provide habitats for various wildlife, from colourful butterflies to elusive mammals.

11. Mount Lamdan

Mount Lamdan, another jewel in Manipur’s crown of natural wonders, offers a journey through time and nature’s bounty. Its towering presence and unique attributes have captivated the hearts of all who venture to explore its beauty.

Mount Lamdan has historical significance that dates back to ancient times. It is believed to have been a place of meditation and reflection for spiritual seekers. The serene environment and breathtaking vistas served as a backdrop for contemplation and introspection.

The mountain’s slopes are adorned with a rich tapestry of plant life. Verdant forests house a diverse range of plant species, some of which are endemic to the region. The fragrance of flowers fills the air, offering a sensory treat for visitors.

The fauna is equally captivating, with various bird species, insects, and small mammals thriving in the ecosystem. The communities near Mount Lamdan have lived closely with nature for generations. They have imbibed sustainable practices that harmonise with the environment, allowing nature and human civilisation to coexist.

12. Mount Tousem

Mount Tousem is a destination where a breathtaking symphony combines culture, nature, and serenity. It offers a glimpse into the harmonious coexistence of indigenous traditions and the natural world. The mountain holds immense cultural significance for the local communities.

It’s often a site for festivals, rituals, and gatherings celebrating the region’s heritage. These events showcase the strong bond between the people and the land, reinforcing the importance of preserving both.

Mount Tousem is adorned with a lush cloak of greenery, showcasing the region’s rich biodiversity. The forests teem with life, from chirping birds to elusive mammals. Nature enthusiasts can embark on treks to explore the diverse flora, which includes rare and endemic species.

13. Mount Thingbu

Mount Thingbu stands as a beacon of serenity and charm. This mountain holds a special place in the region’s folklore, with stories passed down through generations that add an air of mystique to its slopes. Legend has it that Mount Thingbu was once the playground of celestial beings.

Local stories speak of divine beings descending to the mountain’s summit, leaving behind their blessings in the form of lush vegetation and vibrant flora. This is said to be the reason behind the mountain’s rich biodiversity. Mount Thingbu boasts an incredible variety of flora, much of which is attributed to the blessings of the divine.

Its slopes are adorned with rhododendrons in myriad hues, creating a breathtaking spectacle during the spring months. The air is perfumed with the aroma of wild orchids, making it a paradise for botany enthusiasts and nature lovers. The mountain’s forests are also home to several medicinal plants, adding to its significance in the region’s traditional herbal practices.

14. Mount Liyai

Mount Liyai, standing tall in Manipur’s landscape, is not just a geological formation; it’s a testament to the resilience of nature and the spirit of the people. This mountain holds a poignant story of survival and rebirth, reflecting the harmony between humans and their environment.

Decades ago, Mount Liyai faced severe deforestation due to logging and encroachments. However, the local community rallied together to restore its glory. Reforestation projects were initiated through concerted efforts, and the mountain’s slopes began to flourish again.

Today, Mount Liyai is a symbol of successful conservation. Its rejuvenated forests are adorned with a tapestry of flora, including rare and endemic species. Orchids, ferns, and bamboo thickets thrive here, serving as a sanctuary for various animal species. The mountain’s revival is a living example of how human determination can heal and nurture nature’s beauty.

15. Mount Phangrei

Mount Phangrei, known for its harmonious blend of natural beauty and cultural significance, is a testimony to the interplay between the environment and the communities in its vicinity. This mountain holds cultural importance for the local tribes, who believe it is a sacred abode for their ancestors.

These beliefs have instilled a deep sense of respect and care for the environment, leading to sustainable practices that have preserved the mountain’s ecological balance. Mount Phangrei’s forests are a haven for numerous species of flora and fauna.

Its slopes are adorned with vibrant wildflowers, and the air is often filled with the melodious songs of various bird species. The mountain’s biodiversity reflects the indigenous communities’ coexistence with nature, where flora and fauna flourish harmoniously.

Conclusion 

In Manipur’s breathtaking landscapes, the tapestry of mountains paints a captivating portrait of the region’s diversity. “From Hills to Horizons: The Range of Mountains in Manipur” is a journey that transcends geography, delving into the intertwined narratives of nature and humanity.

These mountains, beyond being geological formations, embody legends and resilience. The horizon symbolises a connection between our past and future as we look beyond these peaks. These mountains are conduits of heritage, carrying the echoes of ancestral tales and showcasing the fragile harmony between human existence and the environment.

These stories inspire us to protect, conserve, and honour these landscapes. Every step we take in these mountainous realms reminds us of the intricate relationship between humankind and nature, urging us to nurture and cherish the range of mountains that graces Manipur’s exquisite terrain.
SOURCE :Range of Mountains in Manipur

Taste the Heart of India: Exploring the Unique Dishes of Madhya Pradesh

 Welcome to the heart of India, Madhya Pradesh, where a tapestry of rich history, diverse cultures, and vibrant traditions come together to create a culinary wonderland. Madhya Pradesh, often called the “Heart of India” due to its central location, boasts a unique and flavoursome gastronomic journey reflecting the region’s essence.

From the royal kitchens of ancient empires to the humble street stalls, Madhya Pradesh offers a treasure trove of delectable dishes that will tantalise your taste buds and leave you craving more. In this culinary exploration, we invite you to savour the distinctive flavours and aromas of Madhya Pradesh’s traditional cuisine.

Each dish bears a story of its own, passed down through generations, and carries the warmth of the land’s generous hospitality. Join us as we unravel the secrets behind iconic dishes like Poha, Bhutte Ka Kees, and the mouthwatering Indori Poha Jalebi that showcase the remarkable culinary heritage of this central Indian state.

1. Bhutte ka Kees

Bhutte ka Kees is a delectable and unique dish from Madya Pradesh India. This regional delight showcases the culinary richness of the state, presenting corn as its star ingredient. The dish features grated or crushed corn, slow-cooked with an assortment of aromatic spices and herbs, creating a burst of flavours that excite the taste buds.

Preparing Bhutte ka Kees involves sautéing the corn in ghee, followed by a delightful blend of mustard seeds, cumin, curry leaves, and green chillies, which infuses it with a delightful spiciness. The final touch is often given by adding grated coconut, providing a hint of sweetness that beautifully complements the overall flavour profile.

Bhutte ka Kees offers a perfect balance of textures and tastes, ranging from the slight crunchiness of corn to the creamy, savoury notes of the spices. A true delight for food enthusiasts, this dish encapsulates the essence of Madhya Pradesh’s culinary heritage, making it a must-try for anyone eager to savour the region’s authentic flavours.

2. Daal Bafla

Daal Bafla, a traditional dish from Madhya Pradesh, is a comforting and wholesome delight that holds a special place in the hearts of locals and visitors alike. This unique culinary gem consists of steamed and baked wheat dough baflas, similar to dumplings. The baflas are served with a generous serving of spicy and aromatic lentil curry (daal) and a dollop of ghee.

Making Daal Bafla involves boiling the dough dumplings and baking them to achieve a crispy exterior and soft interior. This cooking technique imparts a wonderful texture and flavour to the dish. The daal, prepared with a blend of lentils and a myriad of spices, perfectly complements the baflas, creating a symphony of taste and satisfaction.

For the people of Madhya Pradesh, Daal Bafla isn’t just a meal but an emotion that brings families and communities together. Its rustic charm and earthy flavours make it a must-try dish for anyone seeking an authentic culinary experience in the heartland of India.

3. Bhopali Gosht Korma

Bhopali Gosht Korma is a regal mutton curry that showcases the rich flavours of Madhya Pradesh. Influenced by the Mughlai cuisine, this dish exudes a royal aura and has become a favourite among locals and connoisseurs.

To create this masterpiece, succulent mutton pieces are marinated with a blend of spices and yoghurt, allowing the flavours to infuse and tenderise the meat. The curry is then prepared with a luxurious mix of cashews, aromatic spices, and a hint of saffron, lending it a rich and creamy texture that will tantalise the taste buds.

The artful combination of spices and the slow-cooking process make Bhopali Gosht Korma a truly special dish. It is often savoured during festive occasions and family gatherings, where its indulgent taste is relished and celebrated.

In the heart of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopali Gosht Korma stands as a symbol of culinary grandeur, reminding us of the state’s rich heritage and its ability to charm us with flavours fit for royalty.

4. Palak Poori

Palak Poori is a delectable and unique dish from Madhya Pradesh, the heart of India, renowned for its diverse and flavoursome culinary traditions. This mouthwatering delicacy combines the goodness of spinach (palak) and the indulgence of deep-fried Indian bread (poori). The vibrant green hue of the pooris is a testament to the abundant use of fresh spinach puree in the preparation.

Palak Poori offers a delightful fusion of taste and health. The earthy flavour of spinach melds seamlessly with the rich and crispy texture of the fried bread, creating a satisfying culinary experience. The dish is often enjoyed with various accompaniments like spicy potato curry, tangy pickles, or creamy yoghurt, adding flavour to each bite.

Beyond its irresistible taste, Palak Poori exemplifies the resourcefulness of Indian cuisine by incorporating nutritious elements like spinach into everyday dishes. Whether relished during festive occasions or as a special treat, Palak Poori unquestionably holds a treasured place in the gastronomic heritage of Madhya Pradesh.

5. Chakki Ki Shak

Chakki Ki Shak is a delightful and unique dish from Madhya Pradesh, India that reflects the heart and soul of the region’s culinary heritage. Translating to “vegetable curry from the grinding stone,” Chakki Ki Shak derives its name from the traditional method of grinding spices and ingredients using a stone mill, known as a “chakki.”

This rustic and flavorful vegetarian dish is a medley of seasonal vegetables simmered in rich, aromatic curry sauce. The harmonious blend of spices, including cumin, coriander, turmeric, and red chilli, infuses the curry with an irresistible fragrance that captures the essence of Indian cuisine.

Chakki Ki Shak represents the authentic and time-honoured approach to cooking in Madhya Pradesh, where recipes are passed down through generations. The dish’s earthy taste and vibrant colours symbolise the region’s agricultural roots and close connection with nature. Savoring Chakki Ki Shaak offers a journey into the heart of India, where traditional cooking methods and locally sourced ingredients blend to create a symphony of truly one-of-a-kind flavours.

6. Seekh Kebabs

Seekh Kebabs is an integral part of Madhya Pradesh’s culinary heritage. Seekh Kebabs are a type of grilled meat delicacy, with “seekh” referring to the skewers on which the seasoned meat is threaded.

The kebabs are typically made with minced meat, commonly sourced from lamb, beef, or chicken, though vegetarian versions using paneer or mixed vegetables are also popular. The marinated meat is skillfully moulded onto the skewers, forming elongated cylindrical shapes, and then cooked over an open flame or in a tandoor (clay oven).

The secret to the irresistible allure of Seekh Kebabs lies in the blend of aromatic spices and herbs used in the marinade. Cumin, coriander, ginger, garlic, and other spices infuse the meat, creating an explosion of flavours with every bite. The cooking process adds a smokiness that further enhances the dish’s uniqueness.

Whether enjoyed on its own with a squeeze of lemon and mint chutney or relished as part of a meal with bread or rice, this delectable delight beckons food enthusiasts to savour the essence of Indian spices and tradition. A true embodiment of the state’s rich heritage, Seekh Kebabs promise an unforgettable culinary adventure for those seeking the heart of India on their plate.

7. Mawa Bati

This traditional sweet delicacy holds a special place in the region’s culinary heritage, enticing both locals and visitors alike. The star ingredient of Mawa Bati is “Mawa” or “Khoya,” which is a dense and creamy form of milk obtained by reducing it over low heat.

This rich, caramelised Mawa is intricately blended with flour and sugar, creating a smooth and luscious dough. The mixture is then shaped into small round balls carefully fried to a beautiful golden brown perfection. What makes Mawa Bati truly exceptional is its delightful texture and irresistible taste.

Each bite offers a melt-in-your-mouth experience, as the sweet and aromatic flavours of Mawa blend harmoniously with the crispy exterior. The dish is often garnished with chopped nuts, enhancing its visual appeal and adding a delightful crunch.

8. Poha

Poha is a quintessential dish that encapsulates the heart and soul of Madhya Pradesh, India. This traditional breakfast delight has deep-rooted cultural significance and holds a special place in the hearts of the locals. Made from flattened rice, locally known as “poha,” the dish is a delicate balance of flavours and textures that leaves a lasting impression on those who savour it.

Poha is a meal and an experience that brings families and communities together. In the early morning hours, the aroma of spices and herbs wafts through the air as street vendors and home cooks prepare this beloved delicacy. The simplicity of its preparation makes it accessible to all, and each household adds its unique touch, making every plate of Poha special.

The dish comes alive with adding an assortment of spices, such as turmeric, mustard seeds, curry leaves, and green chillies, creating a harmonious symphony of taste. Including peanuts, chopped onions, and sometimes even potatoes enhances its crunchy texture, while a sprinkle of fresh coriander leaves adds a burst of colour and freshness.

For the people of Madhya Pradesh, Poha goes beyond a mere breakfast item; it represents their culinary heritage, bringing warmth, comfort, and a sense of togetherness. Whether relished with a cup of hot tea or shared among friends, Poha is an integral part of the cultural fabric, and exploring its unique flavours is an essential experience for anyone visiting this enchanting region of India.

9. Malpua

Malpua is a delectable and traditional dessert. This mouthwatering sweet treat is a quintessential part of the state’s culinary heritage and is enjoyed during various festive occasions and celebrations. Prepared using a mix of flour, milk, and sugar, malpua batter is carefully crafted to achieve the perfect consistency and flavour.

Once the batter is ready, it is deep-fried in ghee, giving it a delightful golden-brown hue and a rich, crispy texture. Malpua is often served with a generous drizzle of fragrant syrup, adding delightful sweetness to the enticing dish.

What makes malpua unique is its regional variations, with each part of Madhya Pradesh adding its special touch to the preparation. Whether it’s the use of local spices or the addition of unique toppings, every bite of this dessert is an invitation to experience the culinary diversity and richness of the heart of India.

10. Sabudana Khichdi

Sabudana Khichdi is a delightful and unique dish from Madhya Pradesh, the heart of India. This popular vegetarian delicacy is a prominent part of the region’s culinary heritage. The star ingredient, sabudana (tapioca pearls), is soaked and cooked with various flavorful spices and vegetables.

Prepared especially during religious fasting periods, Sabudana Khichdi offers a burst of taste and texture. When combined with roasted peanuts, fresh coriander, and a hint of tanginess from lemon juice, the soft, translucent pearls create a delightful symphony of flavours that tantalise the taste buds.

The dish is usually garnished with grated coconut and served hot to amplify its delectable taste. Beyond its religious significance, Sabudana Khichdi has gained immense popularity across India as a nourishing and satiating breakfast or snack option. This delicious dish embodies the essence of Madhya Pradesh’s culinary traditions and offers a wonderful gastronomic experience for food enthusiasts everywhere.

11. Shahi Shikanji

Shahi Shikanji, a beloved beverage from the heart of India, Madhya Pradesh, is a unique and refreshing drink embodying the essence of the region’s culinary heritage. This traditional concoction blends various enticing flavours and aromatic spices, making it an absolute delight for the taste buds.

The word “Shahi” in its name refers to its regal origins, as it was historically enjoyed by royalty and nobility. The drink’s preparation involves a harmonious fusion of ingredients like lemon, fragrant spices like saffron, cardamom, and black pepper, and cooling elements like yoghurt and milk. The result is a rich and creamy texture that sets it apart from regular lemonades.

Shahi Shikanji is more than just a beverage; it symbolises the warmth of Indian hospitality and the region’s culinary diversity. Whether savoured during scorching summers or as a complement to a sumptuous meal, this cherished drink continues to captivate locals and visitors alike, leaving them with a lasting impression of the vibrant flavours of Madhya Pradesh.

Conclusion

As we conclude our journey through the unique dishes of Madhya Pradesh, we find ourselves enchanted by the kaleidoscope of flavours that this heartland has to offer. The culinary traditions of this region hold not only the recipes but also the memories of its people, their history, and their way of life.

The diverse landscapes of Madhya Pradesh, from lush forests to arid plateaus, have given rise to an equally diverse and exceptional gastronomy. From the first bite of spicy kebabs to the last spoonful of creamy Korma, each dish we tasted has left an indelible mark on our palates and hearts.

The simplicity and authenticity of Madhya Pradesh’s cuisine are its true charm, and it continues to delight and intrigue food enthusiasts worldwide. As we bid farewell to this culinary adventure, we carry the flavours, aromas, and stories of Madhya Pradesh — the heart of India.

We hope you, too, embark on this flavorful journey and experience the magic within the heartland’s unique dishes. Until we meet again, may your culinary explorations be filled with joy, spice, and the heartwarming hospitality that defines the cuisine of Madhya Pradesh.

#FoodExploration#LocalFlavorsMP#MadhyaPradeshCuisine#MadhyaPradeshDishes#TasteOfMadhyaPradesh

SOUORCE :Unique Dishes of Madhya Pradesh

Wonders of Central India: 15 Enchanting Waterfalls in Madhya Pradesh

 

Welcome to the mesmerizing world of Central India, where nature’s wonders unfold in breathtaking splendor. Madhya Pradesh, also known as the heart of India, is a land of diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage.

The enchanting waterfalls stand as true jewels among its many treasures, casting a spell on all who venture into their embrace. In this blog, we embark on a journey to explore 15 magnificent waterfalls that grace the landscapes of Madhya Pradesh.

Join us as we celebrate the wonders of Central India and immerse ourselves in the allure of 15 enchanting waterfalls that make Madhya Pradesh an unparalleled destination for nature lovers and wanderers alike.

1. Dhuandhar Falls

Dhuandhar Falls, located in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, is a mesmerizing natural wonder that captivates visitors with its sheer beauty and power. The name “Dhuandhar” translates to “smoke cascade” due to the thick mist that rises when the Narmada River plunges down the rocky gorge.

The waterfall is formed as the river narrows and dramatically descends over the marble cliffs, creating a breathtaking sight and a roaring sound.

Visitors can enjoy various activities at Dhuandhar Falls, including boat rides close to the cascading waters, providing a refreshing experience amid nature’s might.

The nearby viewpoints offer stunning vistas of the falls, perfect for photography enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. The site is especially popular during monsoons when the river fully flows, showcasing the waterfall’s majestic appearance.

2. Bhedaghat Falls

Bhedaghat Falls, also known as the Marble Rocks, is another spectacular attraction near Jabalpur. The Narmada River meanders through towering cliffs of white marble, creating a surreal landscape that enchants visitors.

The river reflects the pristine marble rocks, forming a natural mosaic of colors, and the sight is magical during sunrise and sunset when the rocks take on golden hues.

A popular way to experience Bhedaghat Falls is through boat rides along the river. As the boats glide through the serene waters, visitors can witness the play of light and shadow on the marble, enhancing the poetic ambiance of the place.

The Marble Rocks also have religious significance, with the Chausath Yogini Temple perched on one of the hills nearby, adding a spiritual touch to the entire experience.

3. Rajat Prapat

Rajat Prapat, also known as Big Fall, is one of the magnificent waterfalls nestled in the lush landscapes of Pachmarhi, the only hill station in Madhya Pradesh. The name “Rajat Prapat” translates to “Silver Fall,” it aptly describes the picturesque cascade that appears like a silvery ribbon descending from a considerable height.

To reach Rajat Prapat, visitors must trek through the enchanting forests of the Satpura Range, adding adventure to the journey. The surrounding verdant scenery and the soothing sound of the waterfall create a serene atmosphere, making it an ideal spot for nature enthusiasts and trekkers.

The experience of standing before the shimmering silver curtain of water cascading into a pool below is truly awe-inspiring. It makes Rajat Prapat a must-visit destination for travelers exploring the natural wonders of Madhya Pradesh.

4. Bee Falls

Bee Falls, also known as Jamuna Prapat, is one of the most enchanting waterfalls in Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh. Cascading from a height of approximately 35 meters, the waterfall derives its name from the constant humming sound that it generates, resembling the buzzing of bees.

Nestled amidst lush greenery, Bee Falls is a popular tourist destination and a refreshing escape from the summer heat.

The waterfall offers a tranquil atmosphere, enticing visitors to take a rejuvenating dip in its crystal-clear pool. The surrounding rocks provide an excellent spot for adventurous souls to indulge in cliff diving and water rappelling. The panoramic view of the dense forest and rocky cliffs adds to the allure of this natural wonder.

Visiting Bee Falls during the monsoon season is a delight, as the waterfall gushes with greater force, creating a magical spectacle. Nature enthusiasts, photographers, and families alike can relish the picturesque setting and create cherished memories at this idyllic destination.

5. Apsara Falls

Apsara Falls, also known as Fairy Pool, is a captivating waterfall tucked away in the verdant forests of Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh. As its name suggests, the falls exude an ethereal charm, creating a dreamlike ambiance that mesmerizes all who visit.

Located amidst a dense canopy of trees, the Apsara Falls cascades gracefully from around 30 meters, forming a natural pool at its base. The pristine waters beckon visitors to take a refreshing dip and immerse themselves in the serene surroundings. Surrounded by picturesque landscapes, the waterfall is ideal for picnics and leisurely walks.

The journey to Apsara Falls through the woods is an adventure, with diverse flora and fauna adorning the path. Photographers and nature lovers will find ample opportunities to capture the beauty. For those seeking tranquillity and a connection with nature, Apsara Falls promises an unforgettable experience.

6. Duchess Falls

Duchess Falls, located in the lush woods of Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh, is a lesser-known waterfall that offers a serene retreat for nature enthusiasts. Nestled away from bustling tourist spots, Duchess Falls is a paradise of solitude, perfect for those seeking a peaceful escape.

Cascading from a modest height, the waterfall forms a small pool at its base, providing an inviting spot to relax and rejuvenate amidst nature’s embrace. The journey to Duchess Falls involves a picturesque trek through dense forests, offering a glimpse of the region’s rich biodiversity.

The name “Duchess Falls” is derived from the graceful flow of water, reminiscent of the poise of a duchess. The tranquil atmosphere and the soothing sound of the cascading water make it an ideal spot for meditation and self-reflection.

While exploring Pachmarhi’s well-known attractions, take advantage of the opportunity to discover the tranquil charm of Duchess Falls. This hidden gem promises to leave visitors enchanted with its understated beauty.

7. Handi Khoh – Pachmarhi

Handi Khoh is one of the most captivating waterfalls located in the picturesque town of Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh. This enchanting cascade is nestled amidst lush greenery and offers a mesmerizing sight. The waterfall gets its name from its deep, bowl-like shape carved into the rocks over centuries.

Visiting Handi Khoh is a thrilling experience as it requires a short trek through the dense forests of Pachmarhi, adding an element of adventure to the journey. As the water plunges from a considerable height, it creates a fine mist that engulfs the surroundings, leaving visitors in awe of its natural beauty.

Handi Khoh is a treat for the eyes and holds cultural significance for the local tribes, who consider the site sacred. Nature lovers and photographers are drawn to this ethereal location to capture its allure and immerse themselves in its tranquillity.

8. Jatashankar Falls

In the verdant jungles of Pachmarhi, Jatashankar Falls is a divine sight enticing pilgrims and nature enthusiasts. The waterfall derives its name from its unique rock formations, resembling the matted locks of Lord Shiva, locally known as “Jatashankar.”

The falls cascade gracefully into a pool, and the surrounding area exudes a serene ambiance, making it a famous spot for meditation and introspection. Legend has it that Lord Shiva himself sculpted the rocks, adding to the spiritual aura of the place.

Besides its religious significance, Jatashankar Falls offers visitors an opportunity to explore the natural beauty of Pachmarhi’s wilderness. The area is home to various caves, providing a sense of mystery to the entire experience. 

9. Raneh Falls – Chhatarpur

Situated in the Chhatarpur district, Raneh Falls is a captivating natural wonder that boasts an awe-inspiring canyon and a series of waterfalls flowing over pink and green basalt rocks. The water has skillfully sculpted the rocks into fascinating shapes, creating a mesmerizing symphony of colors and textures.

The best time to witness the beauty of Raneh Falls is during the monsoon season, when the water flow is at its peak, presenting a breathtaking spectacle. Nature enthusiasts and geologists are particularly drawn to this site, as it offers a unique opportunity to study the geological formations that have evolved over millions of years.

Tourists can take a boat ride along the Ken River to get a closer look at the cascades and the stunning rock formations. Raneh Falls is undoubtedly a hidden gem in Madhya Pradesh, offering a remarkable and offbeat experience for those who seek to connect with nature’s extraordinary artistry. You can also explore the ancient caves of Madhya Pradesh here.

10. Patalpani Falls

Patalpani Falls, located around 36 kilometers from Indore, is a mesmerizing natural wonder nestled amidst the lush green forests of Madhya Pradesh. The waterfall derives its name from the sound it makes when the water hits the rocks, resembling the sound of ‘patal’ or ‘underworld.’

The cascading water from approximately 300 feet creates a captivating spectacle, drawing nature enthusiasts and photographers alike.

The surroundings of Patalpani Falls offer a serene escape from the bustling city life. Visitors can embark on a short trek through the scenic trails to reach the base of the falls.

During the monsoon season, the waterfall is full of glory, presenting a majestic sight and attracting numerous tourists. However, it’s essential to exercise caution during heavy rainfall, as the rocks might get slippery.

11. Tincha Falls

Situated merely 25 kilometers away from Indore, Tincha Falls is another gem in the picturesque landscape of Madhya Pradesh. The charming waterfall plunges from around 300 feet, creating a refreshing pool below where visitors can dip and unwind amidst nature’s bounty.

Tincha Falls offers a delightful retreat for families and friends seeking a rejuvenating day out. The natural surroundings and cool breeze add to the tranquil ambiance, making it an ideal spot for picnics and strolls.

The best time to visit Tincha Falls is during the monsoon season, when the waterfall is at its full force, emanating a sense of awe and admiration.

12. Cascades of Jam Sawali

Pachmarhi, the ‘Queen of Satpura,’ houses a hidden gem known as the Cascades of Jam Sawali. This collection of cascading waterfalls presents a breathtaking spectacle that lures adventure seekers and nature lovers alike. Surrounded by dense forests and rocky terrains, these waterfalls in Madhya Pradesh offer a perfect blend of serenity and thrill.

The hike to the Cascades of Jam Sawali is an experience in itself, as trekkers traverse through the wilderness and enjoy the region’s raw beauty. The water gushing down the rocky slopes creates an enchanting ambiance, making it an excellent spot for photography and relaxation.

Visiting this natural wonder during the monsoon season ensures a spellbinding display of nature’s grandeur.

13. Chachai Falls

Regarded as one of the highest waterfalls, the Chachai Falls is a majestic wonder located in the Rewa district. Cascading from over 130 meters, the falls offer a jaw-dropping view that leaves visitors in awe of nature’s grandeur.

Surrounded by dense forests and rocky cliffs, Chachai Falls presents an awe-inspiring sight during the monsoon season when the water flow is at its peak.

The thunderous sound of the gushing water adds to the allure of the place, making it a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers.

Trekking to the viewpoint provides an exhilarating experience and a chance to soak in the breathtaking landscape. A visit to Chachai Falls is an unforgettable journey into the lap of nature, leaving visitors with memories to cherish forever.

14. Chauragarh Falls

Chauragarh Falls, located in the scenic town of Pachmarhi, is a hidden gem waiting to be explored. Situated amidst the Satpura Range, this captivating waterfall cascades down in tiers, forming a breathtaking sight. The surrounding verdant landscape adds to the allure, making it an ideal spot for nature enthusiasts.

To reach Chauragarh Falls, one must embark on a moderate trek that leads through the heart of the Satpura forests. The journey is rewarded with glistening water gushing down the rocky terrain.

The serene ambiance and the tranquil pool at the base offer a serene retreat for those seeking solace in the lap of nature.

15. Gatha Falls

Gatha Falls, situated in the picturesque district of Chhindwara, is a captivating waterfall that epitomizes the beauty of Madhya Pradesh’s landscapes. As the water gracefully descends from a considerable height, it forms a curtain-like appearance, evoking a sense of wonder and tranquillity.

Lush green forests surround Gatha Falls and provide an ideal setting for a peaceful and rejuvenating experience. The rhythmic sounds of the cascading water create a harmonious ambiance, leaving visitors mesmerized by nature’s spectacle.

Conclusion

As our journey through the wonders of Central India comes to an end, we find ourselves captivated by the sheer beauty and diversity of Madhya Pradesh’s waterfalls. Madhya Pradesh, with its rich natural heritage and picturesque landscapes, has proven to be a paradise for those seeking an escape into the lap of nature. 

The 15 waterfalls in Madhya Pradesh we’ve explored have delighted our senses and taught us to cherish the beauty of our planet’s hidden gems. Let the splendor of these cascades renew your spirit and remind you of the wonders that lie just beyond the beaten path. Embrace the call of the wild, and let Madhya Pradesh’s waterfalls weave their magic on your soul. Until we meet again on another journey, may your travels be filled with wonder and awe. Happy exploring!
source: Waterfalls in Madhya Pradesh